Institutional racism and discrimination can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes, and behaviors which disadvantage any minority group through intentional or unintentional prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, and stereotyping.

Institutional racism and discrimination is:

• the collective failure of an institution to provide professional service or access to any program or opportunity and/or
• the imposition of additional requirements or penalties, based solely on color, culture, ethnicity, citizenship, country of origin, gender, religious background, or socio-economic background.

based solely on color, culture, ethnicity, citizenship, country of origin, gender, religious background, or socio-economic background.

(Adapted from Skeena Diversity Project, British Columbia, Canada, http://www.skeenadiversity.com/handbook1.1.htm)